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Photonics researchers report breakthrough in miniaturizing light-based chips - Phys.org

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Photonics researchers report breakthrough in miniaturizing light-based chips
A schematic drawing shows an electro-optical modulator developed in the lab of Qiang Lin, professor of electrical and computer engineering. The smallest such component yet developed, it takes advantage of lithium niobate, a “workhorse” material used by researchers to create advanced photonics integrated circuits. Credit: University of Rochester illustration / Michael Osadciw

Photonic integrated circuits that use light instead of electricity for computing and signal processing promise greater speed, increased bandwidth, and greater energy efficiency than traditional circuits using electricity.

But they're not yet small enough to compete in computing and other applications where continue to reign.

Electrical engineers at the University of Rochester believe they've taken a major step in addressing the problem. Using a material widely adopted by photonics researchers, the Rochester team has created the smallest electro-optical modulator yet. The modulator is a key component of a photonics-based chip, controlling how light moves through its .

In Nature Communications, the lab of Qiang Lin, professor of electrical and computer engineering, describes using a thin film of lithium niobate (LN) bonded on a silicon dioxide layer to create not only the smallest LN modulator yet, but also one that operates at high speed and is energy efficient.

This "paves a crucial foundation for realizing large-scale LN photonic integrated circuits that are of immense importance for broad applications in data communication, microwave photonics, and quantum photonics," writes lead author Mingxiao Li, a graduate student in Lin's lab.

A workhorse material

Because of its outstanding electro-optic and nonlinear optic properties, lithium niobate has "become a workhorse material system for photonics research and development," Lin says. "However current LN photonic devices, made upon either bulk crystal or thin-film platform require large dimensions and are difficult to scale down in size, which limits the modulation efficiency, energy consumption, and the degree of circuit integration. A major challenge lies in making high-quality nanoscopic photonic structures with high precision."

The modulator project builds upon the lab's previous use of lithium niobate to create a photonic nanocavity—another key component in photonic chips. At only about a micron in size, the nanocavity can tune wavelengths using only two to three photons at —"the first time we know of that even two or three photons have been manipulated in this way at room temperatures," Lin says. That device was described in a paper in Optica.

The could be used in conjunction with a nanocavity in creating a photonic chip at the nanoscale.


Explore further

Researchers develop fast, micrometer-size electro-optical modulator

More information: Mingxiao Li et al. Lithium niobate photonic-crystal electro-optic modulator, Nature Communications (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17950-7

Mingxiao Li et al. Photon-level tuning of photonic nanocavities, Optica (2019). DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.6.000860

Citation: Photonics researchers report breakthrough in miniaturizing light-based chips (2020, August 27) retrieved 27 August 2020 from https://ift.tt/2FToDgn

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